All colleges have been categorized by the Chilean Ministry from Degree on three levels, particularly lowest-reaching colleges, mid-reaching colleges and you can highest-gaining universities, reliant new performance of the students in most SIMCE assessment ( 32 ) .
Anthropometric measurements and you may nutritional standing
Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score
Socio-monetary status
Socio-monetary standing (SES) try counted using a size based on Graffar’s changed strategy hence try modified to help you Chilean urban and you will rural populations ( Reference Alvarez, Muzzo and you can Ivaple towards five socio-monetary groups: 1=highest (0·step three %); 2=mid–highest (14·7 %); 3=middle (38·3 %); 4=mid–reduced (45·6 %); and you may 5=reasonable (step 1·step one %). Yet not, inside our data i matched this type of five categories to your around three: highest (1+2), center (3) and you will reasonable (4+5) SES.
Mathematical data
Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.
Overall performance
The decide to try is made upwards regarding thirteen·1 ( sd dos·3) year-old men (52 %) and you may females (forty eight %) teens of reasonable (44·3 %), center (39·6 %) and you will high (16·step one %) SES. They attended fifth (51·9 %) and 9th (48·step 1 %) values in public areas (34·8 %), partially subsidized (57·8 %) and private colleges (7·cuatro %) from the Santiago Metropolitan Area. As for nutritional updates, 45 % out of members was in fact fat or obese. Almost half the young (forty-eight %) went to higher-finding colleges, whereas 29 % and you can 23 % went to mid- and you can lower-finding colleges, correspondingly.
On take to, 56 % away from people claimed consumption of issues from the snack big date which were saturated in weight, glucose, sodium and energy. Thirty-six % was in fact considered to have poor-to-fair snack, whereas merely 8 % have been thought to consume match facts inside treat day from the college or university. Dining table step 1 gets the detailed analytics of one’s try. Average viewpoints from score in Language and you will Mathematics had been significantly ong individuals with straight down nutritional top-notch snacks in school (P=0·01). New display regarding pupils ingesting substandard korean cupid meals at school was somewhat high among 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), college students planning reasonable-finding universities (61 %; P=0·036), along with certainly one of underweight and you may typical-lbs people (69 % and you may 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).